/ 01
Fintech
- Payments
- Onboarding & KYC
- Compliance-aware data
Financial software is mostly reconciliation and state machines: a payment can be authorised, captured, reversed or disputed, and every transition needs an immutable record. Onboarding flows have to hold identity documents and screening results under strict retention and residency rules. The interesting engineering sits in idempotency, ledger correctness and settlement edge cases, not in the checkout screen.
/ 02
Healthcare
- Patient systems
- Scheduling
- Clinical workflow
Clinical software lives or dies on access control and data lineage: who read a record, who changed it, and on whose authority. Scheduling is a constraint problem across rooms, equipment and clinician availability rather than a simple calendar. Integration usually means speaking to existing hospital systems on their terms, and no clinical suggestion should ever execute without a named human accepting it.
/ 03
Logistics & supply chain
- Fleet
- Warehouse
- Offline-capable apps
Field and warehouse software has to assume the network will disappear: scans, pick confirmations and proof of delivery need to queue locally and reconcile later without duplicating events. Location and route data arrive as noisy high-frequency streams that need cleaning before they mean anything. Most failures we design for are physical — a wrong bin, a missed handover — so the data model has to make those states representable rather than impossible.
/ 04
Retail & e-commerce
Retail systems break at the seams between channels: the same SKU is counted differently online, in store and in a third-party marketplace feed, and stock truth has to be decided somewhere. Catalogue quality — variants, units, Arabic and English descriptions — quietly determines whether search and recommendations work at all. Loyalty and promotions are rule engines, and they need to be testable in isolation before they touch a live basket.
/ 05
Real estate
- Listings
- Agent portals
- Lead management
Property platforms are content pipelines before they are marketplaces: listings arrive from multiple sources with inconsistent geography, media and terminology that has to be normalised and deduplicated. Agent portals need clear ownership rules so two people never work the same lead, with a full history of who contacted whom. Regulatory listing requirements in the market shape which fields are mandatory, so the schema has to be easy to extend.
/ 06
Education
- Learning platforms
- Progress tracking
- Content delivery
Learning systems carry data about minors, so consent, visibility and retention rules are architectural decisions rather than settings. Progress models need to distinguish attempts, mastery and time on task, otherwise reporting turns into a vanity dashboard. Delivery has to work on modest devices and uneven connections, which pushes towards cached content, small payloads and assessment that survives a dropped session.
/ 07
Energy & utilities
- Monitoring
- Consumption analytics
- Controls
Energy work starts at the equipment layer, where data comes from building management systems and meters over protocols like BACnet and Modbus, often with gaps, drift and mislabelled points. Analytics only becomes credible once baselines and measurement and verification methods are agreed in advance. Anything that writes a setpoint back to plant needs guard rails, safe fallbacks and an operator who can take control immediately.
/ 08
Construction & industrial
- Document control
- Procurement
- Reporting
Project delivery runs on documents: drawings, submittals, RFIs and variation orders, each with revisions, approvers and dates that determine contractual position. Procurement ties those documents to long-lead items and site readiness, so a single late approval propagates through the schedule. The engineering problem is traceability — being able to reconstruct exactly what was approved, by whom, and against which revision.
/ 09
Enterprise
- Internal tools
- System integration
- Process automation
Most enterprise work is integration: an ERP, a CRM, a finance system and several spreadsheets that all hold a partial version of the same entity. Before automation is worth attempting, the process has to be written down honestly, including the exceptions people handle by phone. Single sign-on, role design and audit logging are usually the first hard requirements, and automation should stop at a human wherever the action is irreversible.